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color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">166『生产计划与控制系统』</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 15px 0px -15px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; align-items: center; display: flex; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; flex: 1 0 1px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; 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color: rgb(255, 192, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">文字专栏</strong></span></p></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; flex: 1 0 1px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; align-items: center; display: flex; transform: rotateY(180deg); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; flex: 1 1 auto; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; 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margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 677px; vertical-align: top; border-color: rgb(255, 211, 171) rgb(255, 202, 0) rgb(255, 202, 0); border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0px; border-style: none solid solid; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 20px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(240, 176, 121); line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 1.8px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 2px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; background-color: white; color: black; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 2px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">各位朋友大家好，欢迎来到Tonii老师精益讲堂，接下来Tonii老师将带领大家进入，每天5分钟，精益伴你行系列课程。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">今天我们要学习的是<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">生产计划与控制系统</strong>。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">制造是一个复杂的过程。有些公司只生产几种不同的产品，而有些公司则生产很多产品。然而，每个公司都使用不同的过程、机器、设备、人工技能和物料。为了获利,一个公司必须将所有这些要素组织起来,从而以最佳的质量在适合的时间生产出适合的产品,并且尽可能节约成本。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这里Tonii老师会给大家总结下各个在日常制定或者运营企业时要考虑的计划，帮助大家从一个宏观角度去思考如何制定计划。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在生产计划与控制( manufacturing planning and control , MPC) 系统中有5个主要层次，分别是:</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">战略商业计划。</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">生产计划 (销售和运营计划)。</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">主生产计划。</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">物料需求计划。</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">采购和生产作业控制。</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.9238900634249472" data-s="300,640" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/x7XibiaRviayZjnqTIgRBaPKdLQQ10Tuej0PWCzqic4IXmOBpRGPfclJ4MmuLe8Se0OuVAj1jFvqLD3BiaoNhFJ02xA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="473" _width="473px" src="https://x.industics.com/public/upload/image/20210311/1615431666282107" crossorigin="anonymous" alt="图片" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; width: 473px !important; visibility: visible !important;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">因为每一层次都有不同的时间跨度和不同的目的，所以每一层次在以下几个方面都有差异:</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">计划的目的</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">计划的时间跨度</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">详细程度</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">计划周期</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（一）战略商业计划</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">战略商业计划是对公司在未来2~10年或更长时间内希望达成的主要目标的表述，它表明公司希望在将来从事的业务种类。该计划给出了企业希望如何达成这些目标的总体方向。战略商业计划是基于长期的预测，它包含市场、财务、生产和工程部门的参与。而战略商业计划反过来又在市场、生产、财务和工程部门的计划之间提供指导和协调作用。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">制定战略商业计划是企业高层管理者的责任。每个职能部门都需要制定本部门的计划，以实现战略商业计划拟定的总目标。这些部门计划将互相协调,并与战略商业计划保持一致。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">每个职能部门都需要制定本部门的计划，以实现战略商业计划拟定的总目标，下图说明了这种关系。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="1.0597302504816957" data-s="300,640" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/x7XibiaRviayZjnqTIgRBaPKdLQQ10Tuej0BiciazCJ6ra6GCIAoLfPNW8iaj82xLdpey83sk16D8rrZzKy2lKtIssPA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1038" _width="317px" src="https://x.industics.com/public/upload/image/20210311/1615431666788081" crossorigin="anonymous" alt="图片" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; width: 317px !important; visibility: visible !important;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">战略商业计划的详细程度不高。它所关心的是总体市场和生产需求，而不是单个产品的销售。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">战略商业计划经常以金额，而不是单位数来表述。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">战略商业计划通常每6个月到1年进行一次检查。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(240, 176, 121); letter-spacing: 1.8px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（二）</span></strong>生产计划</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">给定了战略商业计划设定的目标后,生产管理人员则关心以下几个问题:</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">每个阶段每个产品族必须生产的数量。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">所期望的库存水平。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">每个阶段所需要的设备、人力和物料资源。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">所需资源的可用性。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">生产计划人员必须在公司可用资源范围内修改计划以满足市场的需求。这将涉及决定满足市场需求所需要的资源,将其结果与可用资源进行比较，然后修改计划以平衡需求与可用资源。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">决定所需资源并将其与可用资源进行比较的过程发生在计划的每一个层次，这也是产能管理的难题所在。为了有效地制定计划,必须要在优先权和产能之间达到平衡。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">生产计划的详细程度并不高。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">生产计划与市场和财务计划一并关系到战略商业计划的实施。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">计划的时间跨度通常是6~18个月,可能会每个月或每个季度检查一次。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">（三）</span>主生产计划</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">主生产计划(master production schedule,MPS)是为单个最终产品的生产所作的计划。它将生产计划进一步细分，显示每一个阶段需要生产的每种最终产品数量。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">主生产计划的详细程度比生产计划要高。生产计划以产品族为基础，而主生产计划则是针对单个最终产品而制定的。计划的时间跨度通常是3~18个月，长短主要取决于采购和制造的提前期。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">通常，主生产计划每周或每月进行一次检查和修改。（之后的每日一词中会详细讨论这一话题）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(240, 176, 121); letter-spacing: 1.8px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 1.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">（四）物料需求计划</span></span></strong></strong></span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">物料需求计划（material requirements plan,MRP)是生产和采购用于制造主生产计划的产品所使用的部件的计划。物料需求计划展示了所需的部件的数量，以及生产部门将何时制造或使用这些部件。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">物料需求计划的详细程度较高。该计划确定何时需要零部件来生产每一个最终产品。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">计划的时间跨度至少与采购和制造的提前期之和一样长。与主生产计划一样，物料需求计划的时间跨度通常也是3~18个月。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="color: rgb(240, 176, 121); letter-spacing: 1.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">（五）</span>采购和生产作业控制</span></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(240, 176, 121); letter-spacing: 1.8px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">采购和生产作业控制 (production activity control,PAC) 指的是生产计划与控制系统的实施和控制阶段。采购负责建立原材料流并对其流入工厂进行控制。生产作业控制负责计划并控制工厂内的工件流。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">计划的时间跨度很短，可能从1天到1个月；</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">计划的详细程度高，因为它所关心的是每一个部件、工作站和订单；</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">计划要每天进行检查和修改。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">下图展示了以上5个层次的计划的时间跨度和详细程度之间的关系。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.9020833333333333" data-s="300,640" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/x7XibiaRviayZjnqTIgRBaPKdLQQ10Tuej0oFo5ugFyticeGsGsbpDribqfo4wm5pF9fQuneZZBzoZAg7mdjCPFIGnA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="960" _width="378px" src="https://x.industics.com/public/upload/image/20210311/1615431666874147" crossorigin="anonymous" alt="图片" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; width: 378px !important; visibility: visible !important;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">按惯例今天的结尾Tonii老师抛出一个小问题，希望大家可以根据今天的学习内容进行思考，并欢迎留言与Tonii老师进行深入交流。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">每日一问：生产计划，主生产计划和物料需求计划之间有什么关系？</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">今天我们就讲到这里，我们下次再见！</span></p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 2; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">想听Tonii老师的课程？</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">想和慧工云小学妹有更多互动？</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">就添加慧工云小学妹微信吧！</span></p></section><p><br/></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); max-width: 100%; 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height: auto !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: 101px !important;"/></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">让慧工云小学妹为您带来更多咨讯</span></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; 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