<section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="white-space: normal; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px 0px 20px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; min-width: 10%; vertical-align: top; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; min-width: 10%; vertical-align: top; border-width: 2px; border-radius: 0px; 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text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">175『物料清单』</strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: justify; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; 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padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 677px; vertical-align: top; border-color: rgb(255, 211, 171) rgb(255, 202, 0) rgb(255, 202, 0); border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0px; border-style: none solid solid; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 20px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(240, 176, 121); line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 1.8px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 14px; text-align: start; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 2px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: black; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 2px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; text-indent: 43px;">各位朋友大家好，欢迎来到Tonii老师精益讲堂，接下来Tonii老师将带领大家进入，每天5分钟，精益伴你行系列课程。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">今天我们要学习的是<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">物料清单</strong>。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">物料需求计划有三个输入：</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; text-indent: 0em;">主生产计划、库存记录和物料清单。其中</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">物料清单是制造型企业最重要的文档之一。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px;">生产产品前必须知道需要什么零部件。制作糕点需要制作原料；配制化学药剂需要配方；组装手推车需要零件清单。虽然名字不同，制作原料、配方和零件清单都是说明生产最终产品需要的东西，这些都是物料清单。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">美国运营管理协会(APICS)将物料清单定义为“列出构成母件装配所需的子部件、半成品、零件和原材料及每一物料所需数量的清单。“</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">下表是一个简化的物料清单。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 35px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-ratio="0.40858505564387915" data-s="300,640" src="https://x.industics.com/public/upload/image/20210305/1614928180176139.png" data-type="png" data-w="629" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; height: auto !important;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"></span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">物料清单有3个重要方面:</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">1.物料清单列出生产一个产品所需要的所有部件。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">2.每个部件只有一个零件号。号码对部件是唯一的，不再分配给任何其他部件。因此，如果某一号码出现在两个不同的物料清单上, 那么这样标识的零部件是同一个部件。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">3.零件通过形状、适用性和功能来定义。如果其中一项改变,就不是同一个零件,必须赋予一个不同的零件号。例如,零件刷了油漆后就变成了不同的部件，就要有不同的零件号。如果零件可以刷成三种不同的颜色，那么每一种都应有一个不同的号码进行标识。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">物料清单说明组装母件的部件,并未说明用于生产母件或部件的步骤或过程，这类信息记录在产品工艺文档中。（产品工艺文档将在之后进行说明）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">物料清单是制造型企业使用最为广泛的文件之一，主要的用途如下:</span></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="width: 555.438px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><li><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">产品定义。物料清单明确了加工产品所需的零部件。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">设计变更控制。产品设计工程师有时改变产品设计及所用部件,这些变更必须记录和控制。物料清单提供这样做的方法。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">备件。物料清单决定用来维修破损部件所需的备件。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">计划。物料清单定义了生产最终产品所必须安排的物料，以及购买或生产什么部件满足主生产计划。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 44px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px;">订单录入。当产品有多个选择时(如汽车),订单录入系统通常配置最终产品的物料清单。物料清单也用于产品定价。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 44px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px;">生产。物料清单提供生产或组装产品所需的零部件清单。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 44px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px;">成本核算。产品成本通常细分为直接物料、直接人工和管理费用。物料清单不仅提供确定直接物料成本的方法,而且提供了记录直接人工及分摊管理费用的方法。</span></p></li></ul><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">这里没有完全列出物料清单的用途,但这充分说明物料清单在制造业的广泛应用。公司部门几乎没有某个时间不使用物料清单的。维护物料清单及其准确性是非常重要的。计算机是集中式管理及更新物料清单的绝佳工具。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">最后今天的结尾Tonii老师还是抛出一个小问题，希望大家可以根据今天的学习内容进行思考，并欢迎留言与Tonii老师进行深入交流。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">每日一问：在为公司制作物料清单时需要注意什么？</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">今天我们就讲到这里，希望大家在企业运营中精益求精，我们下次再见！</span></p></section></section></section></section><p></p><p></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; line-height: 2; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">想听Tonii老师的课程？</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">想和慧工云小学妹有更多互动？</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">就添加慧工云小学妹微信吧！</span></p></section><p></p><p></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="white-space: normal; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; 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box-sizing: border-box; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 14px; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">让慧工云小学妹为您带来更多咨讯</span></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; 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