<section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="white-space: normal; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px 0px 20px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; min-width: 10%; vertical-align: top; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; min-width: 10%; vertical-align: top; border-width: 2px; border-radius: 0px; 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margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 17px; text-align: justify; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 677px; vertical-align: top; border-color: rgb(255, 211, 171) rgb(255, 202, 0) rgb(255, 202, 0); border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0px; border-style: none solid solid; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 20px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(240, 176, 121); line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 1.8px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">各位朋友大家好，欢迎来到Tonii老师精益讲堂，接下来Tonii老师将带领大家进入，每天5分钟，精益伴你行系列课程。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">今天我们要学习的是<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">物料需求计划（MRP）管理</strong>。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">在物料需求计划的应用中，计划员从很多渠道得到反馈,例如:</span></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="width: 555.438px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><li><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px;">采购中供应商的行为。</span></section></li><li><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">工厂未结订单的变化，如提早或延期完成订单、数量上的差异。</span></section></li><li><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">管理层行动，如改变主生产计划。</span></section></li></ul><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">计划员必须评估这些反馈,在需要时采取纠正措施。计划员在管理物料需求计划时必须考虑3个重要因素。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 44px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"/></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 44px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">优先权</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">是指通过不断评估已下达订单真正的交货期需求维持正确的交货期，并在必要时加快或减慢进程。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">考虑以下MRP记录。订购量是300单位,提前期是3周。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 35px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-cropselx1="3" data-cropselx2="443" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="124" data-ratio="0.27813504823151125" data-s="300,640" src="https://x.industics.com/public/upload/image/20210305/1614927624627111.png" data-type="png" data-w="622" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; height: 124px; width: 446px;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"></span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">如果第2周的总需求由50单位变为150单位,将会出现什么情况? MRP记录将会如下表所示。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 35px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-cropselx1="7" data-cropselx2="454" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="126" data-ratio="0.2733118971061093" data-s="300,640" src="https://x.industics.com/public/upload/image/20210305/1614927624831863.png" data-type="png" data-w="622" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; height: 126px; width: 461px;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">注意第2周有100单位的短缺,原来在第2周的计划订单下达现在改在第1周。计划员能够做什么呢?一个方法是将第3周300单位的计划接收提前到第2周。如果这不可能，第2周需要的额外100单位必须重新安排在第3周。现在第1周也有计划订单下达，而且这一订单应该下达。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">自下而上重新计划</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">(bottom-up replanning)。因条件改变采取的修正行动应该尽可能在产品结构树的低层发生。假设前面例子中的零件是另一个部件的零件,第一个选择是将300单位的计划接收提前到第2周。如果可以这样做，就不需要对母件做任何变更。如果300单位不能提前,母件的计划订单下达和净需求就必须修改。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">有时候变化很快,但数量很小，导致物料需求计划变来变去。计划员必须判断变化是否足以做出反应以及订单是否应该下达。<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">降低系统敏感性</strong>( reducing system nervousness) 的方法之一是确定订单。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">在物料需求计划系统实施过程中，也常常存在下列问题:</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">（1）缺少高层管理人员应承担的义务。物料需求计划项目应当被高层领导所接受,有的人戏称实施物料需求计划项目是一把手工程,必须有最高层领导的推动才行，因为实施物料需求计划系统要涉及多个职能部门的协作，由一把手挂帅则有助于实施过程的协调。同时，必须强调，物料需求计划是一项闭环、集成和战略性的计划。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">(2)&nbsp;过分强调物料需求计划的功能。物料需求计划往往被描述成一个运营公司的完全的独一无的系统，其实施的效果如何，取决于人的作用、取决于基础数据的准确性等。选用物料需求计划时尤其强调软件系统的适用性,要量体裁衣，而不能根据衣服尺寸来调整体型。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">(3)&nbsp;基础数据准备不到位。物料需求计划实施成功与否,很大程度上取决于是否有一套准确完整的数据，基础数据的准备应由负责实施的顾问提出建议，企业参加人员按照顾问的建议做充分的准备。应建立套符合要求的规范且完整的数据,包括物料清单、工艺路线、库存记录、工作中心、物料主文件等。物料</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">(4)&nbsp;物料需求计划如何与准时化生产相结合的问题。物料需求计划是一个强调推动的系统,这与先进的准时化生产强调拉动的系统向背，此为物料需求计划的一大缺点。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">最后今天的结尾Tonii老师还是抛出一个小问题，希望大家可以根据今天的学习内容进行思考，并欢迎留言与Tonii老师进行深入交流。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">每日一问：在管理MRP时，计划员应注意什么？</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 43px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: black; letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">今天我们就讲到这里，希望大家在企业运营中精益求精，我们下次再见！</span></p></section></section></section></section><p></p><p></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="white-space: normal; 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