<section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="white-space: normal; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px 0px 20px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; min-width: 10%; vertical-align: top; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; min-width: 10%; vertical-align: top; border-width: 2px; border-radius: 0px; border-style: dashed; border-color: rgb(29, 29, 29) rgb(29, 29, 29) rgb(182, 182, 182) rgb(182, 182, 182); box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 5px 0px -5px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 3px 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; min-width: 10%; vertical-align: top; border-width: 0px; border-radius: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; font-size: 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">032<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">『</strong></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: left; text-indent: 32px;">质量绩效</span></strong></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">』</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 15px 0px -15px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; align-items: center; display: flex; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; 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overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; flex: 1 1 auto; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0); height: 1px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; flex: 0 0 auto; box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px; line-height: 0; letter-spacing: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 10px; height: 30px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 10px; height: 10px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0); border-width: 5px; border-radius: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(255, 202, 0); box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px inset; line-height: 0; letter-spacing: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 677px; vertical-align: top; border-color: rgb(255, 211, 171) rgb(255, 202, 0) rgb(255, 202, 0); border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0px; border-style: none solid solid; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 20px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(240, 176, 121); line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 1.8px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 21px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: &quot;思源黑体 CN Regular&quot;;">各位朋友大家好，欢迎来到Tonii老师精益讲堂，接下来Tonii老师将带领大家进入，每天5分钟，精益伴你行系列课程。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-indent: 21px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 43px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 17px;">今天我们要学习的是</span><strong style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 43px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: &quot;思源黑体 CN Bold&quot;;">质量绩效</span></strong><strong style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 43px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 17px;">。</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">在讲质量绩效之前，TONII老师有两件事跟大家强调一下。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">第一件事情，<strong>关于质量本身</strong>，质量通常从两个维度去看，第一个就是产品本身的质量，这个是主要是指产品满足客户需求的能力。还有一个就是产品制造过程质量，这一块主要是看流程，制造高水平产品的能力。今天TONII老师主要是带领大家一起去看一看产品制造过程质量。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">第二件事情，我们可以发现林林总总的<strong>质量指标</strong>，而且很多都是从英文翻译或者是英文缩写出来的，数量达到几十个甚至上百个，有时候你会很头痛。那么在这里面TONII老师会告诉大家，不要被这些林林总总的指标迷惑，因为每一个公司，尤其是外资企业都有自己的指标体系，不用管它具体是怎么去缩写的，只要是能够摸清楚质量的门道就可以。那么今天TONII老师就带着大家一起来摸一摸我们质量制造过程当中的质量指标的门道。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-align:left;text-indent:35px"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">通常来讲制造一个产品，我们质量会体现在三个端:&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-align:left;text-indent:35px"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black"><img src="//cdn-2c-02.industics.com/public/upload/image/20210413/1618306237171201.jpeg" alt="图片" width="313" height="176" style="width: 313px; height: 176px;" border="0" vspace="0" title="图片"/></span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">第一个就是<strong>供应商来料端</strong>，也就是来料质量高低。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">第二个就是<strong>生产制造端</strong>，就是说工厂从原材料加工一直到成品发运这个过程当中质量。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">第三个就是<strong>客户应用端</strong>，就是产品到了客户的应用端，它的质量如何？</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">在这三个端都有很多相应的指标跟它对应。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">还有一块就是NQC，即non quality cost，就是说无论是在来料端、制造端，还是应用端，出现了任何质量问题，最后都会有成本。这个成本就叫NQC，所以说有一个成本COVER住所有的端，然后在每一个端又有相应的质量指标。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">接下来TONII老师就给大家讲一讲三个端比较经典的质量指标，当然了不一定是这个，再次强调，具体这三个指标可能是指标的形式不一样，但是思想都是一样的。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">第一个来料端，即供应商端，用来看来料质量的，我们可以用<strong>DPM(Defects Per Million)</strong>这个指标来衡量，即每百万件当中有多少来料不良品。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><strong><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">计算公式是：</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><strong><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">DPM=</span></strong><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">&nbsp;<strong>(DP1+DP2+DP3)/</strong></span><strong><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">来料总量*10&nbsp;</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">那么具体<strong>DP1、DP2、DP3</strong>各代表什么？</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><strong><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">DP1</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">代表的是来料检验当中发现的不良品数目</span></strong><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">，大家都知道有一些工厂来料是要来料检验的，那么当在来料检验当中发现了不良品，这个不良品的数字就是DP1;</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">有些可能是来料抽检没有发现，或者干脆就是免检怎么办？这个不良品可能会留到生产制造端。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><strong><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">DP2</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">就是在生产过程当中发现的不良品数量</span></strong><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">还有一个更差的情况，如果在这个来料端没有找出来，然后在生产过程中依旧没有发现出来，最后成品到了客户端，客户在应用的时候，发现整个出现了质量问题。最后通过质量追溯，又发现它是原材料的质量问题。这个<strong>在客户端发现的不良品数量就是DP3</strong>。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">大家明白了吗？整个DPM就是指来料检验、过程检验，还有最后成品在客户端发现的所有的不良品，除以这一段时期的来料总量，再乘以100万,就是我们的DPM.</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">接下来我们再讲一个，就是生产过程当中的一个质量指标，叫<strong>MDR(Manufacture Defect Rate)</strong>，即制造工程不良率。这个指标是指我原材料进到生产现场了，一直到成品出到生产现场这一段时间，由我自己的制造工程造成的不良率，叫做MDR.</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><strong><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">计算公式：</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><strong><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">MDR=NEDm/(Sum&nbsp;of&nbsp;NEI</span></strong><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">&nbsp;<strong>j=m&nbsp;to&nbsp;j=m-11)/12</strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">这个公式可能很复杂，但是TONII老师给大家解释后你会发现很简单。分子是m月终检发现的所有次品的数量，比如说是在3月，分子就是在3月份发现的所有次品数量。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">那么分母是什么呢？分母就是从去年4月到今年3月份，过去这一年当中，所有参与终检抽检的产品数量，记住这里是<strong>抽检数量</strong>，并不是所有生产的数量。为什么呢？通常比如说抽检是10%的抽检或20%的抽检，那么10%的抽检，抽出来了10个产品，但10个产品又有一个是次品，那么应该是10%，而不是1%。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">为什么要用过去这一年的数量作为分母？&nbsp;因为质量有时候会有一个滞后性，很有可能是一两个月之前您造的孽，结果放到今天才发现。所以说通常都是用过去一年的数量来做分母，来看质量。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">最后一个叫<strong>PRR（Plant Return Rate），</strong>叫客户退返率,即在客户端我们通常用的质量的指标。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><strong><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">它的计算公式是：PRR= NPRm/(Sum of NPF</span></strong><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">&nbsp;<strong>j=m to j=m-11 )/12</strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">他跟上面的公式非常相似，怎么理解？也就是说在m月所有客户退返产品的数量，也就是比如说在整个3月份，客户一共给我们退返了5件产品或者是10件产品，记住是因<strong>为技术原因</strong>，也就是产品本身制造过程中出现的质量问题，如果是商务原因，那就不算。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:35px"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:&#39;思源黑体 CN Regular&#39;,sans-serif;color:black">一共退回了10件，那么接下来分母就是在从去年的4月到今年的3月底，在整整过去的一年过程当中，所有发货数量。比如说我们发货了是100万，那么我们一共退回了10万，那么我们退款率就是百万分之十。为什么又用过去的rolling的12个月：还是刚才TONII老师讲的，有时候这质量会有一个延后性，所以说更科学的办法，就是把过去这一年的数量做分母，然后底下是分子，当然了从计算上，还有一个除以12，也就是月对月不会让我们整个数值过于小。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32.25pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: &quot;思源黑体 CN Regular&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-indent: 35px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32.25pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: &quot;思源黑体 CN Regular&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-indent: 35px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">今天的课程就到这里，感谢大家！</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0px; clear: both; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32.25pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: &quot;思源黑体 CN Regular&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; text-indent: 35px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><p><br/></p><section 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