2021年04月14日 15:04
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text-align: left; text-indent: 32px; padding: 0px; clear: both; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">068<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">『V模型</strong></strong><strong style="font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">』</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; 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overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 20px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(240, 176, 121); line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 1.8px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 16px; text-indent: 35px;"><a name="_Hlk59355370"></a><span style="font-family: "思源黑体 CN Regular", sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;"> 各位朋友大家好。欢迎来到Tonii老师精益讲堂。接下来Tonii老师将带领大家进入每天5分钟精益伴你行系列课程。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px; text-indent: 35px;"><span style="font-family: "思源黑体 CN Regular", sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;"> 今天我们学习的是<b>V模型</b>。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: medium; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;">在昨天的每日一词中,我们将霍尔三维结构的<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">逻辑维</strong>修改为了V模型。今天我们就来介绍一下什么是V模型。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: medium; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: medium; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;">美国科学家Paul Rook在1980年提出了软件工程V模型,就是左侧的这个V。这个模型是对瀑布模型的修正,它反映了测试活动与分析、设计的关系。在这里非常建议大家读一下软件工程的相关书籍,不是为了学编程,而是学如何用伪代码来表述以及软件工程的思维逻辑。你会发现用软件行业的思维去思考业务流,会有更为清晰的视角。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: medium; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;"><br/></span><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.3734375" data-s="300,640" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/x7XibiaRviayZjxnuuy7ctibQKJ4qXSick8n2iaLnLfia4wWG4vXN3lH04p9AT1yPD5xibt3H7icjPfIWmtTf6y1mUia9SUw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" _width="677px" src="//cdn-2c-02.industics.com/public/upload/image/20210414/1618385858166220.jpeg" crossorigin="anonymous" alt="图片" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; height: 216px; width: 420px; visibility: visible !important; float: left;" width="420" height="216"/><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: medium; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: medium; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;">系统工程科学家们将Paul提出的软件工程V模型修订为普适系统工程V模型,也就是右侧这个V字。这里所说的普适是指一定范围内的普适。因为这个模型实际上主要反映的是“物理过程和事理过程”,并没有反映人类社会的活动和特点。所以还有一个社会技术学的WSR,也就是 物理-事理-人理 模型,在此不做赘述。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: medium; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: medium; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;">从V模型可以看到一个产品的正向研发过程,按照V字的笔顺,从左上角开始沿着需求定义、功能分解、系统综合、物理设计、工艺/试制、部件验证、系统集成、系统验证、系统确认的顺序完成整个正向设计的流程,包括了概念、计划、开发、验证、发布等阶段。左侧主要是开发,右侧主要是实现和验证。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: medium; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: medium; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;">对于仿制或者说逆向工程,在表面上节省了V模型左侧的一些步骤,但是要想达到标杆产品的技术、工艺、质量、成本等指标,还是必须进行反推的。否则就会采用错误的窗口区,导致产品工艺难度偏大或产品性能窗口偏窄等问题,这个是要注意的。仿制一般是从市场上购买的产品作为测绘的对象,但是由于生产制程总是存在着一定幅度的波动,那么样品的尺寸并不完全是设计的目标值,如果以样品的尺寸作为仿制品图纸的设计目标值,那么在正常的工艺条件下,按照这个图纸所制造的产品的有效窗口区势必小于标杆产品,为了达到与标杆产品同样的性能指标,就会产生更多的不良品,从而造成生产成本的增加;或者是为了降低物料损失,强行将超差零部件组装成产品,造成产品的性能、可靠性等指标弱于标杆产品。所以在我看来,样品的最大作用是缩小参数摸索的范围,节省研发经费和时间,只有通过反推弄清楚其机理,才能真正实现逆向工程,并且为进一步在模仿的基础上进行创新提供支持。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: medium; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: medium; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;">当然,在实际的产品设计过程中,我们不可能只走一个大V字形,为了确保V字左侧的四个设计过程结果的正确,需要对每个阶段都进行验证和确认。这就会引入五个小V循环,V模型变成了下图的样子。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: medium; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;"><br/></span><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.55703125" data-s="300,640" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/x7XibiaRviayZjxnuuy7ctibQKJ4qXSick8n2AOykTQwmFVg2IrdAm8C3mTDgD1ExTpRXA8iaN99E2jFNUiaUQQuKCvYQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" _width="677px" src="//cdn-2c-02.industics.com/public/upload/image/20210414/1618385859149393.jpeg" crossorigin="anonymous" alt="图片" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; height: 237px; width: 404px; visibility: visible !important; float: left;" width="404" height="237"/><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: medium; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: medium; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;">这个多V模型是对一般产品研发过程的抽象表述,但是需要注意的是,该模型仅从技术视角进行了表述。企业实践的时候还要加上管理和资源等视角,例如需求管理、项目管理、流程管理、质量管理,并提供和协调各种软硬件、人员等资源,这样才能真正按照V模型的指导去进行产品的研制和开发。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: medium; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: medium; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;">仔细观察多V模型,我们可以发现在这里边实际上引入了大量的仿真的技术,比如说对于产品自身的这种设计,引入了单场仿真、多场仿真、多体仿真,甚至说虚拟现实这样的一个仿真技术,对产品自身进行相关的这种虚拟的验证。那么对于我们的工艺,实际上我们引入了这种模具仿真,装配仿真、产线仿真以及工厂仿真,去对产品实现的整个的过程进行提前的建模和模拟,从而可以更好的去规划相关的这些产线的布置,物流的安排,人员的组合,这种排班的计划,这样的话通过这种在虚拟空间里的仿真,减少我们制造样机样件的周期和时间,从而可以使我们设计的一次成功率大大提高,并且节省这些成本。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: medium; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;"><br/></span><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.4344391785150079" data-s="300,640" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/x7XibiaRviayZjxnuuy7ctibQKJ4qXSick8n2oMNb23rmiaM6e1mEsGCeVPO9z5ahibCr0vuLicpLnA2KJibL1906JpQ9aQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1266" _width="677px" src="//cdn-2c-02.industics.com/public/upload/image/20210414/1618385860252667.jpeg" crossorigin="anonymous" alt="图片" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; height: 272px; width: 441px; visibility: visible !important;" width="441" height="272"/><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: medium; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: medium; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;">上图是一个产品底板部件的装配工站,那么大家可以看见底板是来料,然后被机械手抓取,放到装配的模组位置,然后机械手再去更换夹具,抓取金属头,放到二次定位,然后模组从二次定位抓取金属头放到底板部件上,并且打钉固定。那么在模拟过程中,大家可以清晰的看到物料的输送方式,这种机械手与模组之间的配合以及节拍,他们相互之间是否存在干涉等等这一系列问题,所以这样在我们并没有实际去购买,或者是去搭建产线的时候,就能够1:1的完全的去对装备过程进行模拟,可以消除以往的那些凭经验设计,存在着后续的这些修修补补的问题。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: medium; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.8px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: medium; text-indent: 43px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;">除了装配仿真,我们还可以做工厂级别的仿真。在仿真里面我们关注的是各个工站之间的这种配合、物料的传输,整个之间是否存在着瓶颈或者等待的工位,以及设备如果在这种故障率的情况下,它会对整体的产出有什么样的影响,工人的排班以及工人的走动距离会对整个的生产产出有什么样的影响等。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px; text-indent: 35px;"><span style="font-family: "思源黑体 CN Regular", sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px; text-indent: 35px;"><span style="font-family: "思源黑体 CN Regular", sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;">今天的课程就到这里,感谢大家!</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px; text-indent: 35px;"><span style="font-family: "思源黑体 CN Regular", sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;"><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><p></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; line-height: 2; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18px;">想听Tonii老师的课程?</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; 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